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Bus Hydrogen Fuel Cell¤

Bus Technology Overview¤

The Bus technology category encompasses city buses designed specifically for urban transportation.

Bus Performance and Usage Metrics¤

The key performance and usage metrics for buses are outlined as follows:

  • Annual Distance (dannual): City buses have an annual mileage of 56,000 km.
  • Average Occupancy Rate (nlpv): The average occupancy rate is 14 passengers per vehicle, as reported by STM.
  • Utilization Factor: The utilization factor is established at 35%, resulting of an average speed of 18 (km/h) 1.
  • Reference Capacity: This yields a reference capacity of 63.89 passenger-kilometers per hour (pkm/h), determined using the formula:
\[ ref_{size} = \dfrac{d_{annual} \cdot n_{lpv}}{8760 \cdot c_p} \]

Where cp represents the capacity utilization percentage.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell¤

A hydrogen fuel cell operates by combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms to form water, releasing energy in the process. This energy can be converted into electricity and heat. One type of hydrogen fuel cell, known as a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) cell, uses a solid polymer membrane that allows protons to pass through, while blocking electrons. The membrane is coated with catalysts to accelerate the reaction. Hydrogen molecules are fed to the anode, where they dissociate into protons and electrons. The protons pass through the membrane to the cathode, while the electrons circulate in an external circuit, generating a voltage. At the cathode, oxygen molecules react with protons and electrons to form water vapor, which is released from the fuel cell. Overall, the operation of a hydrogen fuel cell relies on the chemical affinity between hydrogen and oxygen, with the PEM cells being one specific type of fuel cell.

ES Model Parameters¤

All the parameters concerning the Bus Hydrogen Fuel Cell are listed in the table below.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/.local/share/hatch/env/virtual/energyscope/4BIeM0-F/docs/lib/python3.10/site-packages/markdown_exec/formatters/python.py", line 71, in _run_python
    exec_python(code, code_block_id, exec_globals)
  File "/root/.local/share/hatch/env/virtual/energyscope/4BIeM0-F/docs/lib/python3.10/site-packages/markdown_exec/formatters/_exec_python.py", line 8, in exec_python
    exec(compiled, exec_globals)  # noqa: S102
  File "<code block: n537>", line 3, in <module>
    print(MdDisplay.print_md_params(bib_file_path='docs/assets/ES_Canada_3.bib', filter_entry='BUS_FC_HYBRID_H2'))
  File "/root/.local/share/hatch/env/virtual/energyscope/4BIeM0-F/docs/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bibdatamanagement/md_display.py", line 81, in print_md_params
    df_filtered["source_reference"] = df_filtered.apply(
  File "/root/.local/share/hatch/env/virtual/energyscope/4BIeM0-F/docs/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py", line 4301, in __setitem__
    self._set_item_frame_value(key, value)
  File "/root/.local/share/hatch/env/virtual/energyscope/4BIeM0-F/docs/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py", line 4459, in _set_item_frame_value
    raise ValueError(
ValueError: Cannot set a DataFrame with multiple columns to the single column source_reference

References¤

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/.local/share/hatch/env/virtual/energyscope/4BIeM0-F/docs/lib/python3.10/site-packages/markdown_exec/formatters/python.py", line 71, in _run_python
    exec_python(code, code_block_id, exec_globals)
  File "/root/.local/share/hatch/env/virtual/energyscope/4BIeM0-F/docs/lib/python3.10/site-packages/markdown_exec/formatters/_exec_python.py", line 8, in exec_python
    exec(compiled, exec_globals)  # noqa: S102
  File "<code block: n538>", line 3, in <module>
    print(MdDisplay.print_md_sources(bib_file_path='docs/assets/ES_Canada_3.bib', filter_entry='BUS_FC_HYBRID_H2'))
  File "/root/.local/share/hatch/env/virtual/energyscope/4BIeM0-F/docs/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bibdatamanagement/md_display.py", line 126, in print_md_sources
    df_filtered["source_reference_long"] = df_filtered.apply(
  File "/root/.local/share/hatch/env/virtual/energyscope/4BIeM0-F/docs/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py", line 4301, in __setitem__
    self._set_item_frame_value(key, value)
  File "/root/.local/share/hatch/env/virtual/energyscope/4BIeM0-F/docs/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py", line 4459, in _set_item_frame_value
    raise ValueError(
ValueError: Cannot set a DataFrame with multiple columns to the single column source_reference_long

  1. The bus network and the schedules enlightened. (2023, October 24). Retrieved from https://www.stm.info/en/info/networks/bus-network-and-schedules-enlightened ⧉ ↩