Car Fuel Cell H2¤
Car Definition¤
The Car category is defined as a vehicle featuring four wheels and two axles, with a primary function of transporting passengers within private transportation settings.
Car Performance and Usage Metrics1¤
The performance and usage metrics for cars are as follows:
- Annual Distance (dannual): Cars on average cover a distance of 14,602 km per year.
- Average Occupancy Rate (nlpv): The average occupancy rate for cars is determined to be 1.57 passengers per vehicle.
- Utilization Factor: The utilization factor for cars is established at 5%, correlating to an average daily use of 1 hour and 15 minutes.
- Reference Capacity: This leads to a reference capacity of 52.34 passenger-kilometers per hour (pkm/h), calculated using the formula:
Where cp denotes the capacity utilization percentage.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell¤
A hydrogen fuel cell operates by combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms to form water, releasing energy in the process. This energy can be converted into electricity and heat. One type of hydrogen fuel cell, known as a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) cell, uses a solid polymer membrane that allows protons to pass through, while blocking electrons. The membrane is coated with catalysts to accelerate the reaction. Hydrogen molecules are fed to the anode, where they dissociate into protons and electrons. The protons pass through the membrane to the cathode, while the electrons circulate in an external circuit, generating a voltage. At the cathode, oxygen molecules react with protons and electrons to form water vapor, which is released from the fuel cell. Overall, the operation of a hydrogen fuel cell relies on the chemical affinity between hydrogen and oxygen, with the PEM cells being one specific type of fuel cell.
ES Model Parameters¤
All the parameters concerning the Car Fuel Cell H2 are listed in the table below.
| entry_key | value | unit | sets | source_reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2_E (layer) | 0.022 | - | DEU | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" |
| H2_HP (layer) | -0.264 | kWh | NA | Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation" |
| H2_HP (layer) | -0.231 | - | CHE | Codina Gironès, Victor; Moret, Stefano; Maréchal, François; Favrat, Daniel, (2015): "Strategic Energy Planning for Large-Scale Energy Systems: A Modelling Framework to Aid Decision-Making" |
| H2_HP (layer) | -0.18 | - | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| H2_HP (layer) | -0.1794 | - | DEU | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" |
| H2_HP (layer) | -0.1794 | - | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" | |
| MOB_PRIVATE (layer) | 1 | pkm | NA | Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation" |
| MOB_PRIVATE (layer) | 1 | - | CHE | Codina Gironès, Victor; Moret, Stefano; Maréchal, François; Favrat, Daniel, (2015): "Strategic Energy Planning for Large-Scale Energy Systems: A Modelling Framework to Aid Decision-Making" |
| MOB_PRIVATE (layer) | 1 | - | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| MOB_PRIVATE (layer) | 1 | - | DEU | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" |
| MOB_PRIVATE (layer) | 1 | - | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" | |
| c_inv | 0 | MCHF/(Mpkm/h) | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| c_inv | 1280.09 | CAD/(pkm/h) | NA | Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation" |
| c_inv | 1454 | MCHF/(Mpkm/h) | DEU | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" |
| c_maint | 0 | MCHF/(Mpkm/h)/yr | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| c_maint | 22.67 | CAD/(pkm/h)/y | NA | Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation" |
| c_maint | 25.6 | MCHF/(Mpkm/h)/y | DEU | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" |
| c_p | 1 | - | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| c_p | 1 | - | DEU | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" |
| gwp_constr | 0 | kgCO2/kW | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| lifetime | 1 | y | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| lifetime | 8 | y | DEU | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" |
| lifetime | 15 | y | NA | Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation" |
| ref_size | 0.001 | Mpkm/h | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| ref_size | 45.77 | pkm/h | DEU | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" |
| ref_size | 52.34 | pkm/h | NA | Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation" |
| trl | 9 | - | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| trl | 9 | - | DEU | Schnidrig, Jonas, (2020): "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" |
References¤
| Data Sources |
|---|
| Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François. (2022). "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation" |
| Codina Gironès, Victor; Moret, Stefano; Maréchal, François; Favrat, Daniel. (2015). "Strategic Energy Planning for Large-Scale Energy Systems: A Modelling Framework to Aid Decision-Making". Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.008 ⧉ |
| Moret, Stefano. (2017). "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" |
| Schnidrig, Jonas. (2020). "Assessment of Green Mobility Scenarios on European Energy Systems" |
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«Canadian Vehicle Survey — 2009 Summary Report» (Ottawa, Canada: Natural Resources Canada, 2009). ↩