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Car Electric¤

Car Definition¤

The Car category is defined as a vehicle featuring four wheels and two axles, with a primary function of transporting passengers within private transportation settings.

Car Performance and Usage Metrics1¤

The performance and usage metrics for cars are as follows:

  • Annual Distance (dannual): Cars on average cover a distance of 14,602 km per year.
  • Average Occupancy Rate (nlpv): The average occupancy rate for cars is determined to be 1.57 passengers per vehicle.
  • Utilization Factor: The utilization factor for cars is established at 5%, correlating to an average daily use of 1 hour and 15 minutes.
  • Reference Capacity: This leads to a reference capacity of 52.34 passenger-kilometers per hour (pkm/h), calculated using the formula:
\[ ref_{size} = \dfrac{d_{annual} \cdot n_{lpv}}{8760 \cdot c_p} \]

Where cp denotes the capacity utilization percentage.

Battery Electrical Vehicle¤

A 100% electric vehicle is powered solely by electricity. This electricity is used to supply an inverter with direct current which, using the principle of electromagnetism, converts electricity into mechanical energy and moves the vehicle. As the vehicle is not connected to the electrical grid while on the move, it is necessary to ensure its power supply by other means. To do this, BEVs store electricity in an on-board rechargeable battery.

Among the battery types presented, lithium batteries are the ones found in electric vehicles currently on the market. Lithium batteries offer the ability to store more electricity (i.e., have greater energy density) in a smaller volume than traditional batteries, such as lead-acid and nickel-metal-hydride batteries. Lithium batteries are also lighter than conventional batteries.

ES Model Parameters¤

All the parameters concerning the Car Electric are listed in the table below.

entry_key value unit sets source_reference
ELECTRICITY_MV (layer) -0.199 kWh NA Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation"
MOB_PRIVATE (layer) 1 pkm NA Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation"
c_inv 947.27 CAD/(pkm/h) NA Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation"
c_maint 22.67 CAD/(pkm/h)/y NA Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation"
lifetime 15 y NA Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation"
ref_size 52.34 pkm/h NA Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François, (2022): "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation"

References¤

Data Sources
Agez, Maxime; Ménard, Jean-François; Saunier, François. (2022). "Analyse du Cycle de Vie de Filières Énergétiques et de Leur Utilisation pour le Transport Routier au Québec – Partie 2 : Utilisation"

  1. «Canadian Vehicle Survey — 2009 Summary Report» (Ottawa, Canada: Natural Resources Canada, 2009). ↩