Geothermal¤
Introduction¤
The use of Geothermalermal water for electricity production in a power plant requires a higher temperature level, of normally 150°C to 300°C, which corresponds to a depth of 3 km to 10 km. These hot source temperatures are nevertheless too low to produce high-pressure steam, and the use of alternative working fluids, such as organic ones and ammonia, is favoured.
There are four main types of Geothermalermal power plants, based on different energy conversion cycles:
- Dry-steam power plants (oldest/simplest configuration, 27% of worldwide installed capacity)
- Flash steam power plants (single (43% of installed capacity)/double (17% of installed capacity))
- Binary cycles (ORC/Kalina, 40% of installed units, but only 6.6% of installed capacity)
- others: combined and hybrid power plants.
ES Model Parameters¤
All the parameters concerning the Geothermal are listed in the table below.
| entry_key | value | unit | sets | source_reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELECTRICITY_MV (layer) | 1 | - | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| RES_GEO (layer) | -1 | - | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| c_inv | 2660 | USD/kW | CAN | Grasby, S E; Allen, D M; Bell, S; Chen, Z; Ferguson, G; Jessop, A; Kelman, M; Ko, M; Majorowicz, J; Moore, M; Raymond, J; Therrien, R, (2012): "Geothermal Energy Resource Potential of Canada" |
| c_inv | 4000 | USD/kW | ROW | IRENA, (2022): "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021" |
| c_inv | 4150 | USD/kW | IRENA, (2023): "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2022" | |
| c_inv | 11464 | MCHF/GW | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| c_maint | 84 | USD/kW/yr | CAN | Grasby, S E; Allen, D M; Bell, S; Chen, Z; Ferguson, G; Jessop, A; Kelman, M; Ko, M; Majorowicz, J; Moore, M; Raymond, J; Therrien, R, (2012): "Geothermal Energy Resource Potential of Canada" |
| c_maint | 465 | MCHF/GW/yr | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| c_p | 0.77 | - | ROW | IRENA, (2022): "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021" |
| c_p | 0.8 | - | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| c_p | 0.84 | - | CAN | Grasby, S E; Allen, D M; Bell, S; Chen, Z; Ferguson, G; Jessop, A; Kelman, M; Ko, M; Majorowicz, J; Moore, M; Raymond, J; Therrien, R, (2012): "Geothermal Energy Resource Potential of Canada" |
| c_p | 0.85 | - | IRENA, (2023): "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2022" | |
| f_max | 0 | kW | QC | Gouvernement du Canada, La Régie de l'énergie du Canada, (2023): "ONÉ - Aperçu du marché : L'énergie géothermique est stable et sobre en carbone, mais quel est son potentiel au Canada? ⧉" |
| gwp_constr | 24929 | kgCO2/kW | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| lifetime | 27.5 | yr | CAN | Grasby, S E; Allen, D M; Bell, S; Chen, Z; Ferguson, G; Jessop, A; Kelman, M; Ko, M; Majorowicz, J; Moore, M; Raymond, J; Therrien, R, (2012): "Geothermal Energy Resource Potential of Canada" |
| lifetime | 30 | yr | ROW | IRENA, (2022): "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021" |
| lifetime | 30 | y | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| ref_size | 0.0076 | GW | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" | |
| ref_size | 0.135 | GW | GLO | Wikipedia, (2023): "List of Geothermal Power Stations" |
| trl | 9 | - | ROW | IRENA, (2022): "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021" |
| trl | 9 | - | Moret, Stefano, (2017): "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" |
References¤
| Data Sources |
|---|
| Gouvernement du Canada, La Régie de l'énergie du Canada. (2023). "ONÉ - Aperçu du marché : L'énergie géothermique est stable et sobre en carbone, mais quel est son potentiel au Canada? ⧉" |
| Grasby, S E; Allen, D M; Bell, S; Chen, Z; Ferguson, G; Jessop, A; Kelman, M; Ko, M; Majorowicz, J; Moore, M; Raymond, J; Therrien, R. (2012). "Geothermal Energy Resource Potential of Canada". https://doi.org/10.4095/291488 ⧉ |
| IRENA. (2022). "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021" |
| IRENA. (2023). "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2022" |
| Moret, Stefano. (2017). "Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty" |
| Wikipedia. (2023). "List of Geothermal Power Stations". Wikipedia |